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The term "proxy" refers to a proxy, also called a proxy server software serves as an intermediary between server and user on the internet. With no proxy in place, a user could make a request the source directly through a server, and the server would serve the requested resource directly back for the client. While this approach is straightforward to comprehend and implement, adding proxies offers benefits like improved performance, privacy, security, and many more. As an additional layer of pass-through, the proxy acts as a guardian for the internet between clients and servers.




In general, the mix of hardware for servers and installed proxy software is commonly referred too as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxies which are generally defined as software, and specifically in relation to web servers. This article will present a detailed breakdown of two types: forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own unique usage scenario, which is often not understood due to the similar terminology.




This article will provide you with details on what proxy services and subtypes are, and how they work in a variety of configurations. By reading this article, you'll be able to identify the situations in which using proxy services is advantageous, and select the right solution between forward and reverse proxy in any given scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy also referred to an open proxy is a proxy for a user who wishes to send a request via the internet to the server that made it. In this scenario the entire process of sending requests by the user will be made via the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in place of the client will take a look at the request. Then, it determines if this client has the right to send requests through this specific forward proxy. It then decides whether to deny any request or forward it to the server that originated it. The client does not have direct connection for the web. It is able to access only the content that the forward proxy allows it access to.




A popular use for forward proxy is to provide greater privacy or security while using the internet. Forward proxy is able to access the internet instead of a client, and in this way, it could utilize a different IP address than the original IP address of the client.




Depending on how it has been configured depending on how it is configured forward proxy could grant you various features depending on how it is configured it, allowing you to:




Don't fall victim of ad trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Recognize the restrictions based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be used for security systems that are centralized and also for access based on permissions in workplaces. If all traffic on the internet passes via an open forward proxy the administrator is able to permit only a few clients connection to internet by the standard firewall. Instead of creating firewalls on the server layer which could comprise a range of devices that operate in different environments and types of users A firewall can be placed in this forward proxy layer.




It is essential to note that forward proxies need to be manually set up to use and reverse proxies may be hidden from the user. Based on the type of the IP address that the user who is transferred to the server from which it originated via forward proxy Privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.




There are a variety of possibilities to think about when it comes to forward proxy services.




Apache An open source well-known web server, which offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another widely-used open-source web server with capability to use forward proxy.


Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide the complete web server. You can read our article on how to set up Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is a forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, making it more suitable for applications such as peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to learn how to configure Dante proxy to permit private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary for a web server, which handles any requests that come in from clients on behalf of. The web server could comprise servers, or even multiple servers. It could also be an application-server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios the request will originate from the web at large. Most of the time requests will then be transmitted directly to a web server with the resources that the user is seeking. A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary, isolating this webserver from direct communication with the open internet.




From the viewpoint of the user, the experience of using a reverse proxy is no different than connecting to an internet server directly. It's basically the same, but the client can't be able to discern the difference. The client requests the resource, and is then provided with it, without any extra configuration required from the client.




Reverse proxies offer features like:




Security centralized for web servers.


The direction of traffic coming in by implementing rules that you establish.


New feature added to caching.




While central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers. Reverse proxies offer this feature only to that layer on the webserver, not those who are on the client side. Instead of maintaining firewalls at the web server layer which could contain multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is aimed to the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and connecting with requests from customers through web servers allows them to focus solely on serving the requirements of their clients.




In the event of multiple servers running reverse-proxies, the reverse proxy can also handle the direction of which requests are directed towards which servers. There could be multiple web servers running from the same host, each providing various kinds of resources or a combination of the two. They may use the HTTP protocol as a traditional web server, however they can also be equipped with protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy to direct users to a specific servers based on the services required, or to a set of rules for the traffic load.




Reverse proxies also gain by being placed over web servers by providing caching capabilities. The large static resources can be set up with caching rules to avoid having to contact web servers each time you request. Certain solutions allow you to directly serve static content without having to connect with the webserver for even one time. Additionally, the reverse proxy is able to handle compression of these assets.




The renowned Nginx web server functions as an extremely popular reverse proxy service. Even though Apache is a reverse proxy solution however, the Apache web server also has reverse proxy capabilities, however, it's a separate feature available to Apache in contrast to Nginx was originally designed to and focuses specifically on reverse proxy features.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use The Case



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with an impression of directionality and false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, the names could be confusing because both types of proxy services handle requests and responses. The best way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to take into account the requirements of the application that you are developing.




Reverse proxy can be useful when building a solution to deliver web-based apps over the internet. They serve as your web servers during any interaction on the web.




Forward proxy is beneficial when they are placed before users for personal use, or in an office setting. They are a representation of your client's activity whenever you interact on the internet.




Separating by use case rather than using only common naming conventions can make sure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



This article will explain the significance of a proxy, focusing on the two primary types, namely the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of how to use them as well as a review of the advantageous features were utilized to distinguish forward proxies from reverse proxies. If you're looking to know more about the possibilities of proxies, then you should read our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy in Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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