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"proxy" is a term used to describe a server "proxy" refers to proxy servers. A proxy or proxy server. A proxy server is software that acts in the middle between server and client on the internet. Without a proxy, a user would make a request for a service straight to the server and it would deliver the requested resource directly back for the client. It's not hard to understand and implement, using proxies can provide benefits that include improved security, performance, privacy and more. As a pass-through layer, proxy services are a way to secure the internet between servers and clients.




It is generally accepted that the set of server hardware and the software that is installed to make proxy connections is commonly called proxy servers. However, this article will focus on proxy servers that are usually described as software, as well as those that are used to complement web servers. The article will offer details of two types of proxy servers, specifically forward proxy and reverse proxy. forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own specific usage, which can be confusing due to the overlapping terminology.




This article will provide you with an understanding of what proxies as well as their subtypes are and their significance in normal configurations. If you read this article, you'll be able to identify scenarios where an effective proxy is advantageous, and decide on the most appropriate option between forward and reverse proxy in any circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In other words forward proxy also referred to as or an open proxy is an agent of an individual user trying to make requests online to an origin server. In this case, any attempt to send requests made by the client is sent through this forward proxy. In this case, the forward proxy acting on behalf of the client, will look into the request. At first it will decide if it is allowed to send requests via this particular forward proxy. Then, it will either deny requests or redirect it to its origin server. The client doesn't have a direct access to the internet and has access only to what forward proxy allows it to connect to.




The most popular reason for using forward proxy servers is more privacy or protection online. A forward proxy connects to the internet for the individual client. And when it does this, it may make use of an IP address different from the IP of the user.




Depending on the method by which it's configured, a forward proxy can perform a variety of capabilities, including the ability to:




Beware of Ad-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems to provide central security and permission-based access, for example in the workplace. When all internet traffic goes through the common forward proxy layer, admins can allow only a handful of clients online access which is filtered by an common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls for clients, that could be used by multiple computers with various configurations and users and environments the firewall can be put in this forward proxy layer.




Remember the fact that forward proxy servers need to be manually set up before they are able to be used while reverse proxy servers could be disregarded by clients. Based on whether or not your IP address is transmitted to the origin server by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or kept in the dark.




There are many possibilities to think about when it comes to forward proxy options.




Apache The Apache is a popular open-source web server, that offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver that comes with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide the full web server system. We recommend you read our guide on the most efficient way to install Squid proxy to connect private networks for Ubuntu 20.04. Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy, which uses the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP this makes it better suited for scenarios such as peer-to-peer connections. You can also research how to set up Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves as an agent for a web server. It handles requests made from clients on behalf of the server. This web server can serve as a single server, or as a series of servers. In addition, it could comprise an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations, a request could be made by a user of the internet in general. In most cases, the request will be directly sent to the web server that has the information the client wants. A reverse proxy is a intermediary, isolating the server from direct communication with the open internet.




From the point of view of the user, working with reverse proxy isn't different than interacting directly with an internet server. It's exactly the same, but the client doesn't see the distinction. The client requests a resource and then receives it, with no additional configuration needed from the user.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




Centralized security for web servers.


The routing of traffic inbound is according to rules that you can set up.


Additional functions to cache data.




Central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this feature only to the layer that is on the webserver and not the client layer. In lieu of the maintenance of firewalls on the server level which may include multiple servers with various configurations, the bulk of firewall security is directed at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of interacting with firewalls as well as communicating requests by clients away from web servers enables the firewall to focus on supplying services.




In the event of multiple servers running in a reverse proxy the reverse proxy could also be responsible for directing what requests go towards which servers. Multiple web servers could be operating within the same system, serving different kinds of services or a mixture of both. These servers utilize their HTTP protocol to serve as an ordinary web server. However, they could also be equipped with other protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy that directs the clients to specific servers based on the resource being requested, or to adhere to specific rules for the amount of traffic.




Reverse proxies also have the ability to take advantage of their location prior to web servers using caching functions. The large static files can be configured with caching policies to avoid hitting web servers with each request, with certain options that let you serve static content without having to connect to the website server at all. Furthermore reverse proxy can be capable of compressing these assets.




The popular Nginx web server is also used as a powerful reverse proxy service. While Apache is an alternative to reverse proxy and this Apache website server additionally comes with reverse proxy functions, which can be a second option for Apache while Nginx was initially designed for and specifically focuses on reverse proxy capabilities.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use Examples



Because "forward" or "reverse" are both associated with the notion of directionality and false connections with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic, the labels can be confusing as both types of proxies are able to handle both requests and responses. In addition, the most effective method to differentiate between both forward and reverse proxy services is to consider the requirements of the application that you are developing.




A reverse proxy could be helpful when you are developing an option to host web-based applications via the internet. They are your web servers in any interactions through the Internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when used in front of customers for your personal use, or even in a business setting. They represent your clients in any interactions on the internet.




A case-based distinction instead of focusing on the similar naming conventions can assist you in making sure that there is no confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains what a "proxy" is and the two main types being the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical scenarios for use as well as an examination of the beneficial features were used to distinguish different types of proxy that are reverse and forward. If you're interested in learning how to implement proxies you can read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an HTTP server and reverse proxy for Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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